The Color Purple 阅读记录:神之于我们的意义,以及我们如何理解祂
The Color Purple 这本书断断续续读完后,总觉得得记录一下,阅读这本书的体验总体来说比第一次轻松了一些,倒不是对于书中故事的共情有所减弱,而是初次阅读的痛苦逐渐转化为了精神上的深思,我不能接受自己止步于上一次的片段式记录,所以更新如下:
出版于 1982 年,并在 1983 年获得普利策奖和国家图书奖,The Color Purple 表达的关于黑人如何认识 God,如何解读《圣经》,是相当“厚颜无耻”的。当然这个故事的核心脉络仍然是黑人在压迫和困境中坚守信念,最终得到美满幸福的生活,但在书中关于 God 的讨论很有颠覆性,导致这本书经历了多次审查被禁,虽然理由是露骨暴力内容和同性之爱,但在我看来这都是为“渎神”这一理由强加的附加掩饰,挑战传统的宗教价值观才是它的危险,而由黑人视角出发的挑战更是罪加一等。
Alice Walker 序文的标题,她写这是 “A Book About God vs. the God Image”,文中描绘了一个我们现今普遍接受的观点——为什么宗教信仰是黑人历史中非常重要的一部分?为什么奴隶要接受迫害他们的白主人的信仰体系?
“But at some point, being able to sit down for half an hour on Sunday morning—after working for someone else’s profit all week long—seemed worth believing the unbelievable. Could someone die and actually rise from the dead? If they were to be used up after seven years and then murdered, perhaps resurrection was worth considering. Would they teach this new idea to their children if it meant they might experience a trace of humanity from their captors? Yes. Why did the Master smile as he watched the decline of spiritual, as well as physical, resistance to enslavement among his captives?”
Alice Walker 用一个具体的场景继续展开黑人信仰的演变,第一个屈服的非洲人,一定遭受了无法想象的精神崩塌,非洲有属于他们的 God/Goddess,可奴役让他们的信仰成为了被厌弃的异教。“The brilliance of enslaving the spirit is that it is an invisible prison from which the inmate appears to derive some comfort. For African Americans even that small comfort had to be fought for.” 我想象着,我有一个勇敢智慧的祖先向白主人要求,如果上帝创造了奴隶,那么我相信祂想让我们自己去学习了解《圣经》,主人骑着马,面对着跪下的奴隶,答应了他的请求,奴隶得以有机会去听主人解读的《圣经》,反复被提及的一句,必然是 “slaves obey your masters.”
从最初想要短暂的安宁和休息,逐渐被新的信仰吸纳,黑人的信仰历史也是反抗的历史(一种精神的反抗),“……在奴役生活中,黑人从《圣经》的故事找到了自己受难的倒影——流浪在沙漠的希伯来人、囚禁在巴比伦的犹太人、被钉死在十字架上的耶稣,他们把这一切当成自己的悲剧传奇。黑人如饥似渴地吸收宗教知识,要为自己度过苦难一生找到精神支柱。”(《黑皮肤的感觉》,作者:陈铭道)这是历史学者们的共识,也是大多数黑人认可的信仰根基。但谁能去考证第一个要求读懂《圣经》的奴隶是出于获取知识的渴望,我们又如何确认将 God 这个具体的形象转化为 God Image 这一黑人宗教观是历史必然的巧合呢?
“More than thirty years later, it still puzzles me that The Color Purple is so infrequently discussed as a book about God. About “God” versus “the God image. After all, the protagonist Celie’s first words are “Dear God.” Everything that happens during her life, spanning decades, is in relation to her growth in understanding this force. I remember attempting to explain the necessity of her trials and tribulations to a skeptical fan. We grow in our understanding of what “God/Goddess” means and is by the intensity of our suffering, and what we are able to make of it, I said.”
Alice Walker 本人对这本书的解释和对 God 这一概念的解读,将会是持续影响我思考的路径,The Color Purple 书中不同人物如何认识他们心中的 God,如何在这一理解中坚守信念,也将是我持久的力量启发。在这里我想专门记录两处。
Shug Avery 对 God 的认识:
“Celie, tell the truth, have you ever found God in church? I never did. I just found a bunch of folks hoping for him to show. Any God I ever felt in church I brought in with me. And I think all the other folks did too. They come to church to share God, not find God.”
“Ain’t no way to read the bible and not think God white, she say. Then she sigh. When I found out I thought God was white, and a man, I lost interest. You mad cause he don’t seem to listen to your prayers. Humph! Do the mayor listen to anything colored say? Ask Sofia, she say.”
“… My first step from the old white man was trees. Then air. Then birds. Then other people. But one day when I was sitting quiet and feeling like a motherless child, which I was, it come to me: that feeling of being part of everything, not separate at all. I knew that if I cut a tree, my arm would bleed. And I laughed and I cried and I run all around the house. I knew just what it was. In fact, when it happen, you can’t miss it. It sort of like you know what, she say, grinning and rubbing high up on my thigh.”
“Man corrupt everything, say Shug. He on your box of grits, in your head, and all over the radio. He try to make you think he everywhere. Soon as you think he everywhere, you think he God. But he ain’t. Whenever you trying to pray, and man plop himself on the other end of it, tell him to git lost, say Shug. Conjure up flowers, wind, water, a big rock.”
非洲部落 Olinka 人民的解读:
西方世界的传教士试图通过宗教教育影响非洲原始部落,自认为可以让非洲部落地区变得更加“文明”,一批一批的英语传教士来到 Olinka,向这里的人们讲述《圣经》和西方世界的知识,然而 Olinka 的非洲人有自己坚定的宗教观。
亚当并非第一个人类,而是对于非洲人来说第一个被驱逐出去的白人,白人才是异类。
非洲人存在于《圣经》之前。
关于那条诱惑夏娃邪恶的蛇:
“These Olinka people worship it. They say who knows, maybe it is kinfolks, but for sure it’s the smartest, cleanest, slickest thing they ever seen.”
Amen.
以下为 2024.9.17 原文:
再次尝试读 Alice Walker 的 The Color Purple,之前因为太痛苦了无法继续。
坚持读英文原版是因为作者 Walker 的语言风格,以及故事主人公 Celie 的身份——从小被继父压迫强奸,生下两个孩子后被继父夺走卖掉,接着自己又被卖给了暴躁的“某先生”(书中的称呼为 Mr.__),Celie 只上过几天学,只会写简单的句子,并且由于生长环境,她写给 God 的信有很多拼写“错误” 的词和意到而不符合标准语法的句子。
我想这样的写作如果翻译为中文会丢失很多意义,无法真正走进 Celie 的世界,用她的视角来观察,去体会她的感情,去成长。
某先生的大儿子,Celie 的继子 Harpo 是个软弱胆怯的男孩,搞大了女友 Sophia 的肚子,在他暴躁父亲的权威之下唯唯诺诺。他向 Celie 求助,Sophia 不听他的话该怎么办。Celie 回答,打她。
Sophia 得知后质问 Celie,Celie 说,我那样说是因为我是个傻瓜,因为我嫉妒你,因为我不能像你一样。
Sophia 说,像我一样什么?
Celie 答:反抗。
在读到这里时,我心中涌起无限的悲凉和同情。Celie 在面对继子的求助时,无法给出一个合理的建议,因为她愚蠢,她不知道该如何处理家庭关系,因为她不知道一个正常的家庭关系应该是什么样的,她只知道自己的恐惧,恐惧继父和现在的丈夫,为了活着,忍受强奸和挨打是她的常态,她知道自己的忍耐和将暴力正常化可以让自己活下去。所以她只有这一个解决方式。
而当勇敢的 Sophia 质问她时,她知道自己是愚蠢懦弱的,她只能说,因为我嫉妒你敢反抗,而我不能。
这些愚蠢的行为背后的逻辑是如此粗暴而直接:因为我生活在暴力的恐惧中,凭什么她不能?凭什么她不听丈夫的话?她竟然敢反抗?女人就是要无条件服从男人,因为我们是女人。
我们太容易谴责女性将苦难正常化,谴责那些因为自己痛苦而让其他女性也去承受痛苦的女人,因为这种“恨铁不成钢”而愤怒,愤怒她们成为了另一种施暴者,与暴力的男性家长合谋。可一想到这种思维背后是一个被百般摧残的女人,愤怒会变成深刻的同情,无奈的痛苦。
在 Walker 的写作中,这些复杂,扭曲,世世代代暴力的阴影下产生的孤独与绝望,只有几个简单对话的句子。
这让我感到痛苦。